题　名  保险代位权制度之超越  
作　者  张姝  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  民法学  
指导教师  徐卫东  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990404  
中文文摘  本文综合运用实证分析、经济分析、价值分析、制度分析等多科研究方法,层层深入地分析论证了保险代位权的发展趋向,创造性地提出了废止保险代位权的观点。本文共分为六部分,其主要内容如下:
一、在保险事故系由第三人的行为造成的场合,或者说,在侵权行为的受害人已参加保险的场合,出现了保险法与侵权法调整领域的重合,进而对受害人(被保险人)的救济出现了重复,基于防止被保险人的双重得利的宗旨,各国保险实践与立法例均采用确立保险代位权的方式解决这一问题。(见论文第一、二部分)
二、事实上,传统方式确立保险代位权的理论基础并不象人们预想的那样坚实。首要的、关键的理由就是保险的损害填补原则的运用,其目的在于禁止被保险人的双重得利；虽然被保险人的双重得利应当禁止,但并不能因此就认为保险人获得意外收益是合理的。另一个主要的理由是侵权法的“造成损害之人最终对损失负责”的民事惩罚原则与补偿原则,但却忽略了在侵权法领域这一原则实现的局限性,忽略了侵权法的经济预防原则等其他价值,所以它实际上只是孤立地、片面地借用侵权法的这一原则,而没有因侵权法与保险法在目标、功能、价值上包含的一致性而将其作为一个系统进行综合的、全面的考察。(见论文第三部分)
三、保险代位权在实践中也暴露出诸多弊端和局限,面临着历史的挑战。首先,由于各个险种的不同性质和特征,保险代位权在不同险种应用的范围和效果是不同的。其次,出于行使代位权的成本高昂且追偿效果不确定等因素的考虑,在实践中已经出现了保险人放弃代位权的作法。(见论文第四部分)
四、鉴于确立保险代位权的理论基础的欠缺及实践中出现的问题,对保险代位权加以重新考察,阐述了废止保险代位权的必要性。首先,通过对保险代位权的经济分析,发现行使保险代位权有时“得不偿失”,而废止保险代位权则能节约管理费用,促进保险经营的合理性;其次,通过对保险代位权的价值分析,认为保险人通过保险代位权使自己的保险金损失获偿,该求偿权对保险人而言没有对价,是“不当得利”,同时,将保险人能够分担的损失转由第三人承担,有悖保险的宗旨,从整个社会的立场而言,是不公正的,因而,要废止保险代位权。(见论文第五部分)
五、最后,将保险代位权置于保险法与侵权法的整个体系中考察,认为由于侵权法的正义观由矫正的正义向分配的正义转变,侵权责任从追究个人责任转向谋求社会损失分散机制,废止保险代位权符合侵权法的发展趋向,候保险法制度与侵权法制度相得益彰,实现了完美的结合。

英文文摘  The thesis discussed the tendency of the subrogation in insurance law by the study methods of practice analysis, economic analysis, value analysis, system analysis etc, and put forward a brand-new proposal of abolishing the insurer''s right of subrogation creatively. It is composed of sit parts and the main content is as followed:
There is overlap of the fields that t he insurance law and the tort law both regulated when the insured accident is caused by the third party, or the victim of the infringement act is insured. And so there is overlap of the remedies to the victim from both an insurer and a tort-feasor. To solve t he problem, the world''s insurance practices and 1aws established the institution of the insurer''s subrogation in order to prevent an insured from profiting from his loss.
However, the conventional theories of the insurer''s subrogation are not so substantial as it has dean expected.
The insurer''s right of subrogation faces the challenge of the history as the application of the subrogation in the practices has been exposed same abuse and limitation.
Then we demonstrate the necessity of abolishing the insurer subrogation.
At last, we put subrogation into the entire system of law to study the influence of insurance law upon the unity of the different institutions. However it should be emphasized that the issues involved are complex, and in the absence of empirical data either supporting or detracting from the various arguments that have been raised, it is not feasible in this short paper to come to a firm conclusion one way or the other as to the desirability of abolishing subrogation.

关键词  保险代位权,废止,经济分析,自由词  
分类标识  D922.2  
论文注解日期  19981215  
总页数  39P