题　名  论检察机关的执法监督  
作　者  闫会媛  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  诉讼法学  
指导教师  赖宇  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990401  
中文文摘  权力失去有效的监督和制约便会产生腐败。当前,司法机关有法不依、执法不严、违法不究的司法腐败现象仍然存在,而且相当严重,已在人民群众中产生了极坏的影响。而检察机关执法监督不力,则是导致司法腐败的一个重要原因。因此,研究和探讨检察机关的执法监督问题具有非常重要的现实意义。
检察机关的执法监督是指检察机关对司法机关依法行使职权的执法活动所进行的有效检查、监视和督促,对违法和失误行为加以制裁和矫正的活动。
本文从五个方面阐述了检察机关执法监督的有关问题:
第一部分是执法监督的特征和意义。笔者用比较的方法论述了检察机关执法监督的国家强制性、个案监督性、权力的单向性等特征,揭示出了执法监督工作具有艰巨性和时代意义。同时,还阐述了执法监督在遏止司法腐败、保证执法公正、维护诉讼参与人合法权益、实现法律统一正确实施四个方面的重要作用。
第二部分是执法监督的范围和内容。笔者首先对执法监督的对象即司法机关做了界定。同时提出,检察机关对刑事诉讼活动、民事审判活动和行政诉讼活动的监督,应当贯穿刑事诉讼、民事审判和行政诉讼的全过程。
第三部分是执法监督的措施和途径。笔者根据法律规定, 把执法监督的措施归纳为提出纠正意见、提起抗诉、对司法工作人员犯罪案件的侦查并提起公诉,以及内部制约四种,还依照法律和实践,阐述了执法监督的途径,并重点对法律规定较为详尽的对刑事执法活动的监督途径进行了探讨并归纳为七种。
第四部分是执法监督存在的问题。笔者首先阐述了监督立法上存在的问题,指出,由于立法上存在空白点、矛盾点、规定的不具体及缺乏措施保障,使检察机关的执法监督工作缺乏必要的法律依据。法律上的不健全、不完善制约了执法监督工作的开展。其次,是从检察机关自身工作上找原因,指出,由于检察机关及其工作人员在思想上存在障碍,导致在工作中对执法监督工作重视不够,再加上检察人员的素质不高,不适应执法监督工作的要求,因此,也阻碍了执法监督工作的全面深入开展。最后,笔者阐述了领导体制上存在的问题,指出,检察机关由于实行双重领导体制,在人事和经费方面都没有管理权,在一定程度上减弱了检察机关的抗干扰能力,妨碍了检察机关依法独立行使法律监督权。
第五部分,笔者针对执法监督中存在的问题,从完善监督立法、加强民事、行政诉讼的执法监督、加大检察机关执法监督工作力度,加快检察体制改革和广泛依靠群众监督五个方面提出了加强检察机关执法监督工作的对策:
第一,在完善监督立法上,笔者建议我国应建立独立的监督法律体系并实行司法判例制度,还督促尽快地完善监督立法,以保障执法监督工作有法可依；
第二,在加强民事、行政诉讼的执法监督上,笔者主要提出要增加监督方式,即除对已生效的判决、裁定按照审判监督程序进行抗诉外,还应赋予检察机关提起诉讼、参加诉讼和上诉程序抗诉等权力。
第三,在加大检察机关执法监督力度上,笔者提出,一是要转移检察工作重点。二是调整机构设置,建议在公安机构和人民法院设立派出机构。三是在人员素质上要加强培训；四是确立责任制度。
第四,在加快检察体制改革上,笔者提出在人事任免和经费管理上要进行改革,使执法工作不受制约。
第五,在依靠群众监督上，笔者提出执法监督是一项复杂的社会工程,检察机关的执法监督要与党的监督、人大、政协及人民群众的监督相互配合,共同完成执法监督任务。

英文文摘  The power will bring about corruption if it loses effective supervision and restriction. At present, the judicial corrupt phenomena still exist and are rather serious. For example, the judicial organ is not by operation of law, doesn''t enforce the law strictly and doesn''t investigate if others break the law. It has a very bad influence on the masses. But mainly the ineffective supervision of the law-enforcement of the procuratorial organ will lead to the judicial corruption. Therefore, to stud and probe the problems on the supervision of the law-enforcement by the procuratorial organ has realistic significance.
This article will expound the relevant questions about the supervision of the law-enforcement by the procuratorial organ form five aspects. The first part is about the characteristics and significances of the supervision of the law-enforcement. By using the method of comparison, the author expounds the characteristics of the supervision of the law-enforcement by procuratorial organ such as the coercion of the state, the supervision of the individual case and the unidirectional of the power. He reveals the arduousness and epoch meaning of the supervision of the law-enforcement.
The second part is about the scope and content of the supervision of the law-enforcement, firstly, the author decides the boundary of judicial organ which is the object of the supervision of law-enforcement. He also points out, the procuratorial organ supervises the activities of criminal law suit, evil justice and administrative lawsuit, its supervision should run through the whole process.
The third part is about the measures and ways of the supervision of the law-enforcement. According to the legal provision, the author sums the measures of supervision up as four kinds such as putting forward the correcting suggestions; instituting the counter appeal; investigating the judicial staffs criminal cases and instituting prosecution; internal restriction. In the light of law and practice, he expounds the ways of the supervision of law-enforcement and puts emphasis on the probe of the ways to supervise the criminal law-enforcement activities and sums it up as seven kinds.
The fourth part is about the problems exist in the supervision of the law-enforcement. Firstly, the author expounds the problems appear in the supervision of legislation and points out, because not only there is blank spot in the legislation and no measures to protect, but also the contradictory spot isn''t regulated concretely, the procuratorial organ is lack of necessary legal foundation to supervise the work of law-enforcement. The imperfect and irregular law holds back the carrying out of the work of the supervision of the law-enforcement. Secondly, we should find out the reason form the self-work of procuratorial organ. The author points out that, because the personnel of the procuratorial organ have barriers in their thinking, they didn''t pay attention to the work of supervision of the law-enforcement. Also the qualities of the procurators aren''t high they didn''t accord with the demands of the work of supervision of the law-enforcement. This hinders the deep and all-round development of the work of supervision. Lastly, the author expounds the problems exist in the system of leadership, he points out, because the procuratorial organ carries out the system of dual leadership, it hasn''t administrative power in personnel and expenditure. This will not only weaken its anti-interference ability but also obstruct the procuratorial organ to exercise legal authority to supervise independently.
The fifth part is about the countermeasures to strengthen the work of supervision of the law-enforcement by procuratorial organ. The author puts forward these in the light of five aspects, such as the problems exist in the supervision of the law-enforcement; perfecting the supervision of the law-legislation; strengthening the supervision of law-enforcement of the civil and administrative law suits; making greater efforts in the work of supervision of law-enforcement; quickening therefore of the procuratorial system and relying on the masses supervision extensively.

关键词  检察机关,司法机关执法,自由词  
分类标识  D(9)83.4  
论文注解日期  19990415  
总页数  46P