题　名  缔约上过失责任若干问题研究  
作　者  郎芳  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  经济法学  
指导教师  石少侠  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990394  
中文文摘  本文从简略考察、评析缔约上过失责任的理论入手,围绕缔约上过失责任的概念及构成要件,缔约上过失责任与侵权责任、违约责任的关系、缔约上过失责任的请求权基础、缔约上过失责任的具体范围、缔约上过失责任的赔偿范围等,从比较法的角度,结合我国新颁布的合同法,联系司法实践中出现的问题,对缔约上过失责任进行了粗浅的探讨,在此基础上,提出了将缔约上过失责任纳入我国民事责任体系的设想。
序言部分简要介绍了缔约上过失责任理论的产生和德国法学家耶林阐释的规则及影响,提出耶林理论的三个不足之处,即适用阶段过窄，仅适用缔约阶段；请求权基础未能使契约责任与缔约责任区别；排除了违反有效要约时的缔约责任,适用范围狭窄。为下文的探讨与完善打下基础。
文中第一部分考察评析了关于缔约上过失责任的几个有代表性的概念,并提出新的概念,即缔约上过失责任是缔约人违反诚实信用原则,故意或过失地违反先合同义务,使相对方因基于信赖、导致人身或财产损失时依法应承担的民事责任。在分析这概念时,提出了与以往他人界定的不同之处,一是将缔约过失的发生阶段有多数人认为的自当事人接触至合同成立前而延至合同生效前；二是将缔约责任所违反的义务界定为先合同义务,从而对“违反附随义务”的观点予以缩减；三是在肯定缔约过失行为的损害为信赖利益的基础上,提出包括对无过错缔约人的人身实际损失。同时提出缔约上过失责任的构成要件的四个组成要件,即缔约当事人有违法先合同义务的行为；未违反先合同义务者受到损害；违反先合同义务的行为与损失之间的因果关系及违反先合同义务者有过错。其中对缔约过失行为人的过错提出包括主观故意,对无过错缔约人的损失的保护为信赖利益。
文章的第二部分,基于对缔约上过失责任与侵权责任和违约责任关系,从不同角度的分析,提出了缔约上过失责任的性质。认为，缔约上过失责任既不同于违约责任,也不同于侵权责任,因而是一中独立的民事责任,由于民事责任的成立便在责任者和权利者之间形成了债的关系,因而,缔约上过失责任是一种独立的发生债的根据。由于其不具有约定性,所以是一种法定之债。
论文的第三部分论述了缔约上过失责任的请求权基础,文中分析了四种学说,即法律行为说、债权行为说、法律规定说和诚实信用说的可取与不当之处,提出赞同法律规定说,理由是:缔约责任本身就足一种法定责任,其责任形式、赔偿范围均是有法律直接加以规定的,完全可以从具体的即使是分散的法律中抽象出一个基本原则,即当事人对自己在缔约过程中的过错行为,指使合同未成立或未生效而使相对方产生信赖利益的损失,应负赔偿责任。另一方面,由于信赖利益既不受传统的侵权发保护,也不受传统的合同法保护,因此有必要由法律专门规定，统受合同法调整。这样,形成信赖利益的损害赔偿请求权、违约损害赔偿请求权和侵权损害赔偿请求权“三足鼎立”的损害赔偿请求权体系。
论文的第四部分分析阐述了缔约上过失责任适用的具体范围,着重围绕新合同法的规定和实践中出现的情形进行,总结归纳,提出缔约上过失责任主要适用于下列情形:擅自撤回、撤销或违反生效要约；缔约是意思表示不真实；违反附随义务；违反初步协仪；合同无效、被撤销或变更。文中将最后一种形式归纳为三种情况,一是合同因履行不能而无效时的责任,提出合同自始履行不能为无效,过错人应承担缔约上过失责任,合同嗣后履行不能应视为有效,不能履行按违约对待。二是无效代理中缔约上过失责任,提出对没有代理权、超越代理权和代理权终止后代理,代理人的行为事后未经被代理人追认,代理人应对善意第三人的损失承担缔约上过失责任。三是根据新合同法第52条、第54条的规定,合同无效和被撤销、变更时的缔约上过失责任。
论文第五部分分析阐述了缔约上过失责任的赔偿范围。提出缔约上过失责任的赔偿范围是信赖利益的损失,但不得超过履行利益,但特殊情况除外,包括当事人实施缔约过失行为是具有较强的主观意志和一方存在加害行为是,赔偿可超过合同履行利益。同时提出信赖利益的损失包括直接损失和间接损失。
论文在结束语部分提出了将缔约上过失责任纳入我国民事责任体系的设想,提出创设“合同法上的责任”，包括违约责任、缔约上过失责任、侵权责任及其他责任,包括不履行不当得利债务责任和不履行无因管理债务责任并列,构成我国民事责任体系。同时认为,我国新合同法规定的要约、承诺制度、诚实信用原则的附随义务等,为这一体系的建立,奠定了法律基础。

英文文摘  In the first part of this thesis, the author examined several conceptions of responsibility of culpa in contrahendo commonly accepted, and puts forward a new conception or responsibility of culpa in contrahendo, namely, the responsibility of culpa in contrahendo is a civil responsibility to be assumed by a contract icy party who by violating the good faith principle breaches intentionally or negligently its pre-contract duties and causes personal or property damages to the other party who relies upon the former.
In the second part of this thesis, following a thorough examination on the relationship between the responsibility of culpa in contrahendo and those of tort and contract breaching, the author studied the nature of the responsibility of culpa in contrahendo, holding that the responsibility of culpa in contrahendo is an independent civil responsibility which is much different from tort responsibility as well as contract breaching responsibility. Due to such a responsibility, an obligation relation shall exist between the breach jug party and the other party. Lacking the character of conventional arrangement, the responsibility of culpa in contrahendo is a responsibility in law.
In the third part of the thesis, the author explored lie basis for claiming the responsibility of culpa in contrahendo. After a penetrating study on four doctrines, namely the doctrine of legal action, the doctrine of obligatory right, the doctrine of statute and the doctrine of good faith, the author believes the doctrine of statute is more acceptable, since duty is a duty established by statute. A basic abstracted from scattered rules that whenever due to a party''s fault, a contract can not been formed or became effective, and which leads to the damage of expected interests of the other party, the party with fault shall compensate the other party for the damages.
In the fourth part of this thesis, the author studied the application scope of responsibility of culpa in contrahendo. The author holds that the responsibility of culpa u contrahendo shall be raised mainly under the following circumstances: withdrawing or revoking or violating arbitrarily an effective offer, expressing untrue intention white negotiate a contract, violating auxiliary duties, violating preliminary agreement, contract becoming invalid or being revoked or modified. The Last circumstance may be sub-classified into three categories, namely a contract becomes invalid because of impossibility of performance; unauthorized agent and the responsibility when a contract becoming invalid or being revoked or modified accordin9 to Article 52 and 54 of the newly enacted Contract Law.
In the fifth part of the thesis, the author studied the compensation scope of culpa in contrahendo, insisting what should be compensated is the expected interests and the compensation scope shall not expand the performance interest with a few exceptions under some special circumstances including the party who is responsible acts with strong intention and the party is intential. to injure the other party. The Loss of expected interest consists of indirect Loss as well as direct Loss.
In the last part of the thesis, the author puts forward the suggestion that the responsibility of culpa in contrahendo be Integrated into the civil responsibility system establishing the "responsibility in contract Law" which consists of contract breaching responsibility, tort responsibility, responsibility of culpa in contrahendo and other responsibilities including responsibility derived iron non-performance of debt of undue enrichment and non-performance of debt of voluntary service. The author bell eves that the regulations on offer and acceptance, the principle of goon faith and the affirmation of auxiliary duty in our newly enacted Contract Law have provided a firm foundation for such a responsibility system.

关键词  缔约上过失责任,研究,自由词  
分类标识  D922  
论文注解日期  19990415  
总页数  26P