题　名  盗窃罪问题研究  
作　者  董玉庭  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  刑法学（中国刑法学）  
指导教师  高格
学位级别  203  
馆藏索取号  2000001  
中文文摘  合法财产神圣不可侵犯，已经成为现代社会的基本法则。盗窃罪作为较古老的侵犯财产犯罪，一直都倍受刑法学界的关注，这不完全是因为盗窃罪对于社会秩序具有较严重的破坏性，还在于盗窃犯罪行为极具复杂性及因此产生了很多理论和司法疑难。本文在借鉴前人研究成果的基础上，不但对盗窃罪的基本理论问题展开了全方位较深入的研究，而且对盗窃罪在司法实践中可能出现的各种疑难问题实现了理论上的解决。全文内容主要包括以下七个方面：
    一、本文的研究是从对盗窃罪的立法考察开始，其中包括对中国盗窃罪立法的历史考察，外国盗窃罪的立法考察，并且在全面考察的基础上分析了我国盗窃罪目前的立法及研究状况。
    二、盗窃罪犯罪客体是犯罪构成的一个重要方面。目前我国刑法学界对盗窃罪客体的认识有很多观点，主要有“所有权说”、“所有权加占有权说”、“控制权说”。通过对这些观点的评析发现它们都有一定的局限性。在法律体系中，所有权概念有两种含义，一种是作为民事权利的所有权，另一种是作为法律制度的所有权，刑法中盗窃罪客体所保护的所有权关系应该是作为制度意义上的所有权，所以得出结论，盗窃罪客体是公私财物所有权制度。与犯罪客体直接相关的是犯罪对象问题，盗窃罪侵害的对象是犯罪行为侵犯社会主义财产关系的物质表现形式，某些特殊的财物能否成为盗窃罪对象并非是一目了然的。本文对不动产、违禁品、无形财物、证券（有价证券和无价证券）、电话帐号、码号及通讯线路、人体及器官等特殊财物能否成为盗窃罪对象作了深入的探讨。
    三、盗窃罪客观方面主要是指秘密窃取行为，秘密窃取行为是盗窃罪区别其它财产犯罪的重要标志。所以关于盗窃罪客观方面主要论述了秘密窃取行为，包括秘密窃取行为中秘密的含义、秘密窃取的过程、财物的控制关系、秘密窃取的手段。盗窃罪的成立对犯罪主体没有特别要求，但行为人必须是自然人，单位不能成为盗窃罪主体。盗窃罪的主观方面包括犯罪故意和犯罪目的，本文不但深入讨论了盗窃罪故意中的认识因素和意志因素，而且对盗窃罪故意与犯罪目的之间的关系作了详细阐释，同时分析了盗窃行为人认识错误及法律后果。
    四、在司法实践中要正确认定和处理盗窃犯罪，就必须研究清楚较难认定的罪与非罪的界限问题。区分盗窃罪与非罪的界限，主要是注意区分盗窃罪与一般盗窃行为的界限。影响盗窃罪定罪的因素是多方面的，而不是单一的。盗窃数额应当成为盗窃罪定罪的重要标准，但不是唯一标准，盗窃次数和盗窃其他情节对定罪也同样有影响，有时这种影响可能还是至关重要的。在司法实践中，某些特殊的盗窃行为能否构成盗窃罪并非容易判断，这些行为包括拾得遗失物，盗窃自家或近亲属财物，盗窃与他人共有财物，非法取得死人的财物，窃取自己已被没收的财物，窃取自己所有而被他人占有的财物，计算机互联网络窃用及使用盗窃。
    五、盗窃罪与其他相关犯罪的界限有时是不容易判断的，这也是司法认定时的难点之一。容易与盗窃罪界限不清的犯罪包括抢劫罪、诈骗罪、抢夺罪、侵占罪、贪污罪、危害公共安全罪、毁坏公私财物罪及计算机犯罪。在具体论述盗窃罪与每一种相关犯罪的界限时，根据司法实践中可能出现的情况，提出了很多建设性的观点，并有较充分的论证。
    六、盗窃罪的犯罪形态是盗窃罪研究中的一个难点，也是司法实践中难以把握的问题之一。本文讨论了盗窃罪预备、中止后，重点论述了盗窃罪既遂未遂标准和共同盗窃犯罪。在评析关于盗窃罪既遂未遂标准的七种学说基础上，坚持“控制说”，并且结合司法实践对盗窃罪既遂未遂标准的控制说进行了深入的探讨，具体阐释了在复杂多样的案件中如何理解控制财物。同时还分析了盗窃罪主观故意及盗窃数额对盗窃罪既遂未遂的影响。对共同盗窃罪的讨论集中在共同盗窃罪的特征、共同盗窃罪的形式及共同盗窃罪刑事责任的认定。
    七、盗窃罪的刑事处罚涉及三个问题：首先，影响盗窃罪量刑的因素，其中包括盗窃数额和盗窃情节。其次，在涉及盗窃数额的计算中，重点论述了多次盗窃及当销赃数额高于盗窃数额时的计算原则。最后，盗窃罪的死刑适用是一个争议很大的问题，存与废的两种观点皆有说服力，本文同意立法的选择。但盗窃罪处罚的轻刑化，已经成为了一种趋势，虽然针对我国的具体情况，保留对盗窃罪的死刑适用是必要的，但严格限制死刑适用就更是必要的。严格限制盗窃罪的死刑适用，在某种意义上，符合了世界范围内对盗窃罪处罚轻刑化的精神。  
英文文摘     Chapter One is supposed to survey the lawmaking history of theft both at home and abroad. On the basis of the survey, the author then turns to discuss the status quo of lawmaking and studying with regard to theft in China.
   Chapter Two attempts to define theft object in terms of criminal jurisprudence. Through a detailed analysis of the views of theft, such as "the view of ownership", "the view of ownership plus occupation", "the view of controlling rights" etc., which have exercised certain influence over China''s criminal circle, the author suggests that all these views have the limitations of their own, pointing out that in accordance with law, the term ownership is usually taken to mean: (a) ownership of civil rights and (b) ownership of legal system. As far as the concept of ownership is concerned, it is held that the ownership, as treated in criminal law with reference to theft is nothing but the ownership of legal system, concluding that theft object is the ownership system of possessions, public and private. T o clarify theft object further, he adds that theft target is the materialistic expression of theft object. Since it is far from easy to judge whether some special possessions are theft targets, the dissertation also takes pains to discuss the question whether special possessions, such as unmovable property, prohibited matter, incorporeal property, bonds (valued or valueless), the account or the code of telephone, communications lines, human bodies and human organs, are theft targets.
Chapter Three is intended to deal in great detail with act of secret stealing, theft subject and the subjective aspect of theft. Being the objective aspect of theft, act of secret stealing is usually considered to be one of the essential tokens for making difference between theft and other crimes involving possessions. To clarify act of secret stealing, the author goes further into the implication of the word "secret" in act of secret stealing, the process of secret stealing, the control of possessions on the part of the subject, and the avenues for secret stealing. Generally speaking, to commit theft, the agent or subject has to be human, not unit or organization whatsoever. The dissertation also suggests that the subjective aspect of theft refers to crime deliberation and crime purpose. To perfect it, the author makes a great effort to touch on the cognitive and will factors of crime deliberation, the differences between crime deliberation and crime purpose, and the subject''s mistakes in cognition with respect to theft target and stealth, as well as the legal responsibility s/he has to take because of the mistakes.
Chapter Four is devoted to exploring the issue of crime or crimeless in judicial practice. The author holds the view that to differ crime from crimeless is nothing but to make difference between theft and commonly seen stealing, concluding that factors for judging theft are variegated, of which theft number is the most important, though not the only denominator to be applied in reality.
   Chapter Five aims at theoretically differing theft from other similar crimes. In view of the fact that in judicial practice it is rather difficult to distinguish theft from other similar crimes like robbery, snatch, fraud, misappropriation, embezzlement, jeopardizing public security, destroying public or private possessions, and crime committed on computer, the author sets himself thinking closely, and offers his own constructive opinions as to how to tell one from another in theory.
   Chapter Six makes a detailed study of the patterns of theft. Being one of the complex issues of theft studies, patterns of theft are also one of the aspects hard to overcome in judicial practice. In view of this, the author first takes into consideration patterns of theft like theft preparation, theft stopping, and then goes on to discuss the standards for differing accomplished offense from unaccomplished offense and the definition and categories of theft committed with one or more accomplices. Having briefly analyzed the seven standards for judging accomplished theft, the author makes a more thorough study of "the controlling view" suggesting that this view is well grounded. The author also explores the issue as to how to understand the control of possessions under real judicial circumstances. He then turns to discuss the influence of the subjective deliberation of theft and theft number on accomplished or unaccomplished theft. The chapter also gives much attention to the features of theft committed with one or more accomplice, its forms, and the responsibility it causes.
   Chapter Seven takes three issues as its object of inquiry.

关键词  盗窃罪,刑法,司法,自由词  
分类标识  D924.35  
论文注解日期  20000410  
总页数  119P