题　名  串通投标罪的理论与实务研究  
作　者  郭晓光  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  经济法学  
指导教师  李洁
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990388  
中文文摘  市场经济,可以极大地激发人们的积极性和创造力,充分发挥人们的智能和潜力；但另一方面,又极可能诱发人们私心、私欲的膨胀,尤其是在利益多元化的经济环境下更为突出。当人们的积极性和创造力运用于正常轨道,依法生产,合法经营,诚实劳动之时,社会的经济得到迅速的发展,同时,公民个人或单位组织的合法利益也会相应地得到实现和满足。相反,当这种积极性和创造力被运用于追逐一已或一单位之私利,尤其置国家、社会和他人的利益于不顾,一味地、极端地追求自己的不正当利益,甚至不惜以身试法之时,其结果必然会使社会经济的发展遭受极大的侵害,同时也会使公民个人或本单位利益遭受损害。破坏社会主义市场经济秩序的犯罪,就是商品经济、市场经济环境下,人们被激发出的积极性和创造力被一些私心、私欲恶性膨胀的人违法滥用的典型表现。从范围上看,它已经深入到我们生活的各个领域。从主体看,从自然人到单位组织,破坏社会主义市场经济秩序的犯罪几乎无处不有。
串通投标罪就是一种典型的破坏社会主义市场经济竞争秩序的犯罪,严重违反了诚实、公平、公正、合法的社会主义市场经济活动的基本原则。对社会主义市场经济健康发展的危害是极其严重的。
串通投标罪是指投标人相互串通报价,损害招标人或者其他投标人利益,情节严重,或者投标人与招标人串通投标,损害国家集体、公民的合法利益的行为。
串通投标罪行为在当前已显现出较大的社会危害性。首先,串通投标行为使国家和有关招、投标者遭受巨大的经济损失。其次,串通投标行为往往与受贿行贿行为交织在一起,使一些不法分子的权钱交易、中饱私囊的目的得逞。再次,串通投标行为限制了经营者之间的公平竞争,破坏了市场竞争秩序。
从串通投标罪的客观方面来看,它侵犯的客体是复杂客体,既侵犯了国家关于招标、投标活动的正常管理,又损害国家、集体和有关公民的合法权益,尤其是财产利益,扰乱正常的市场竞争秩序。
从其主体特征来看,主体情况比较复杂。一般而言,本罪的主体为身份犯。主要是具有招、投标资格,实施了非法串通投标行为,并且危害社会达到一定严重程度的行为人,不管是年满十六周岁且具有刑事责任能力的自然人还是单位,均可成为该罪的犯罪主体。
串通投标主观方面的特征看,本罪在主观方面的表现只能是故意,而且是直接故意,即串通者明知自己的行为会损害相对方或相对人以外的国家、集体、公民的合法利益,而希望或放任这种结果的发生。过失和间接故意均不构成本罪。
串通投标罪的行为方式主要有两种。第一,投标人在投标前或者投标过程中,相互串通投标报价,损害招标人或者其他投标人利益,,情节严重的行为。这种串通从本质上说属于协议限制竞争行为,就是投标人之间为了避免相互之间的激烈竞争,通过协议的方式共同实施限制竞争行为,以牟取超额利润,最终目的是达到对市场的垄断。第二,投标人与招标人串通投标,损害国家、集体、公民的合法利益的行为。投标人通过与招标人进行私下勾结,使其他投标人无法在公平竞争的条件下参加投标,招、投标只是流于一种形式,使本来有实力的投标人失去了它本该进入的经营领域,遭受了不应有的经济损失。从目前的串通投标行为来看,投标人与招标人之间的串通更为普遍,投标人利用负责招标工作人员的贪欲,采取行贿的手段,使掌握招标、审批权力的人员就范,以致于置党纪国法于不顾、大肆侵吞国家、集体财产。
串通投标还有一种特殊的行为方式,即特定投标人既不与其他投标首相勾结,也不与招标者串通,而是通过其他途径找到该招标项目所在地区的行政长官或招标单位的上级主管部门,利用行政干预的手段,迫使招标单位确定该特定投标人中标。这种串通行为最突出的表现就是地方保护或部门(行业)保护。这种串通的隐蔽性很强,而对市场经济公平竞争的秩序冲击巨大。因而是以后在立法方面应加强整治的主要方面。
串通投标罪的共犯问题是研究串通投标犯罪的一个比较重要的环节。其构成要件是必须有两个以上的行为主体共同串通投标的行为,因而正确分析各个行为主体在犯罪中所起的作用,才能对该行为主体所应承担的刑事责任有一个公正、正确的评价,也可以使法律能得到很好的适用。
认定某种串通行为是否构成串通投标罪,是决定对该行为是否处罚的关键所在。情节是否严重在法律上并未加以说明,只能在司法实践中根据其对社会的危害程度加以制定；另外本罪还必须是两个以上的犯罪主体出于共同的犯罪故意实施的行为才构成犯罪。而且在实施犯罪行为的时候事先要有联合串通。由于串通投标罪的隐蔽性较强,因而在认定上困难较大,只有有确凿的证据证明该行为有事先的串通协议,并将之付予实施的才能确认其串通投标。
串通投标罪主要是破坏市场经济管理及运作的正常秩序,对社会的危害常常是潜在的。因而在处罚时应更多地适用罚金,而且应以设置轻刑为宜。

英文文摘  The crime of demolishing the orders of socialist market economy is the typical expression that in the circumstance of commodity economy and market economy, some persons with viciously expanding selfish motives and desires illegally misuse people''s arousing enthusiasm and creativity. Considering from the scope, the offense have penetrated every fields of our life; and considering from the subject, from natural person to unit organization, the crime of demolishing the orders of socialist market economy may be everywhere.
The crime of collaborating tendering is a typical one of the crime of demolishing the orders of socialist market economy. The said crime severely infringes the basic principles of socialist market economy activity, i.e. honest, fair, impartiality and legality, and extremely injuries the healthy development of socialist market economy.
The crime of collaborating tendering is a kind of criminal offense that bidders collaborate the quoted prices each other and damages the benefits of the persons inviting a tender or other bidders with severe details, or the bidders and the persons inviting a tender collaborate for the tender and damages the lawful benefits of nation, collective or citizens.
The action of collaborating tendering has shown relatively huge social harmfulness at present. First, the action of collaborating tendering makes our nation and persons related to the tender suffered huge economic losses. Second, the action of collaborating tendering mingles with the acts of offering and/or accepting a bribe, and make some lawless persons attained their goals of power-money transaction and embezzling. Third, the action of collaborating tendering restricts the fair competition of the businessmen and demolishes the orders of market competition.
Considering from its objective aspect, the crime of collaborating tendering infringes the objects that is the mixed objects as it not only infringes the state''s regular administration for tendering activity hut also damages the lawful profits of nation, collective and relevant citizens. Especially it infringes the profits of property of above objects and disturbs the normal orders of market competition.
Considering, from the features of its subject, the situation of the subject is comparatively complicated.
Considering from the features of subjective aspect of the crime of collaborating tendering, the expression in the aspect of subjective of the said crime can merely be intentional and can only he direct intentional.
The collaborators are fully aware that this action will damage the lawful profits of nation, collective and citizens excerpt the relative party or the relative person, but they participate or don''t interfere with the occurrence of these results. Both negligence and indirect intention don''t constitute the said crime.
The styles of conduct of the crime of collaborating tendering mainly have two kinds. One is that prior to or in the course of tendering, the bidders collaborate the quoted prices each other and damages the benefits of the persons inviting a tender or other bidders with severe details. Essentially, the collaboration belong to the action of restricting competition by agreement, i.e. the bidders jointly implement the action of restricting competition by signing an agreement in order to avoid the grueling competition between each other. The aim of them is seeking exorbitant profits and the final purpose of them is monopolizing the market. Another is that the bidders and the persons inviting a tender collaborate for the tender and damages the lawful benefits of nation, collective or citizens. By colluding with the persons inviting a tender in secret, the bidders make other bidders not having fair competition conditions to participate in the tendering. Then, inviting and submitting a tender becomes a mere formality and the bidders who have actual strength lose the chance to enter the deserved business scope and have suffered undeserved economic losses. Thinking about the present action of collaborating tendering, the collaboration of the bidders and the persons inviting a tender is more universal. The bidders take advantage of the avarice of the working personnel in charge of inviting a tender, use the means of offering a bribe, and compel the persons holding the power of inviting a tender and examining and approving to submit control. Even more, the said working personnel may wantonly embezzle the property of nation and collective ignoring the party discipline and the laws of the state.
The Crime of collaborating tendering also has a particular style of conduct, i.e. the certain bidder neither colludes with other bidders nor collaborates with the party of inviting the tender, but they try all means to find the chief executive of the region where the tendering project locates or the higher departments responsible for the units inviting the tender.

关键词  串通,投标,犯罪,自由词  
分类标识  D924  
论文注解日期  19990415  
总页数  27P