题　名  新疆地区恐怖犯罪问题研究  
作　者  孙书洁  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  刑法学  
指导教师  张旭  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990373  
中文文摘  新疆地处我国西北边险,在中西部地区具有特殊重要的战略地位,新疆的稳定与发展不但关系到中西部地区而且关系到全国的稳定与发展。但近些年来,由于各种因素的综合影响,、新疆境内的民族分裂分子的分裂活动不断升级,尤其是进入90年代以来,民族分裂活动进入了一个新的活跃期,民族分裂分子以分裂国家、分裂民族为目的,以非法宗教活动为基础,以暴力犯罪、恐怖破坏活动为主要方式,不断进行分裂国家统一、破坏民族团结的犯罪活动,严重影口向了新疆的稳定和发展。鉴于恐怖犯罪活动已成为影响新疆稳定、制约新疆发展的极大障碍,全面、深入的分析研究新疆地区恐怖犯罪产生的原因、特点以及有效预防和严厉打击恐怖犯罪活动的对策,无疑将对新疆的稳定和发展有着深远而重大的意义。
新疆地区恐怖犯罪基本特征主要有:浓厚的政治色彩、以宗教宣传为掩护、活动范围的跨国性、犯罪手段的极端性、犯罪主体成分的复杂性及特殊的社会危害性。其中最突出的特征是具有浓厚的政治色彩,即暴力恐怖犯罪分子具有较明确的政治目的,那就是分裂国家统一,分裂民族,妄图实现“新疆独立”。由于新疆地理位置独特,少数民族特别是信奉伊斯兰教的少数民族占相当比例,使得暴力恐怖犯罪分子在进行犯罪活动时,往往以“宗教”外衣作掩护,以欺骗那些具有朴素民族感情和宗教感情的群众,取得他们的“信任”“支持”,或借以混淆视听。暴力恐怖犯罪分子由于有明确的政治图谋,因此实行犯罪往往不计后果,手段恐怖、极端,实施犯罪有周密的计划,恐怖犯罪组织日趋严密、统一。为寻求国际力量的支持,力争新疆问题“国际化”,其犯罪活动范围已呈现出较为明显的国际化特征,境内外分裂分子日益加紧联合,不断给恐怖犯罪分子以精神上或物质上的各种“支持”。恐怖犯罪分子成分也日趋复杂,犯罪分子与年龄呈低龄化特征。新疆的恐怖犯罪给新疆的稳定和发展造成极大危害,其危害的严重不仅在于有形的人员伤亡、财产损失等,更严重的是在各民族人民间制造了一种相互不信任甚至敌视的气氛,制造了民族歧视、民族仇恨、民族矛盾,恐怖犯罪活动也使人们的精神上承受着相当大的压力,,总有一种不安全感,尤其是在一些特殊的日子、场合等。
剖析新疆地区恐怖犯罪的成因有助于我们采取正确的对策。从国内原因上看,人们认识上的偏差、教育上的失误是比较主要的原因。认识上的偏差主要表现在对国家正确的民族政策、宗教政策不能完全正确的理解,过于强调民族、宗教问题的敏感性、复杂性,对于民族平等和民族团结关系、宗教信仰自由和宗教活动自由的区别等认识不清,教育上的失误主要表现在我们的政策教育、法律教育、爱国主义的正面教育等不论在宣传形式上还是在宣传内容上都收不到好的效果。此外,新疆经济的落后和相对封闭也是一个极重要的原因。如果新疆经济发达,各族人民的生活水平比周边国家的人民生活水平高,就少了很多分裂分了进行恐怖活动的“口实”。从国际原因上分析,国际上一些敌对势力或某些国家或明或暗的支持是恐怖犯罪活动越来越猖獗的重要因素,而“泛伊斯兰主义”“泛突厥主义”的泛滥,也给境内外民族分裂分子进行恐怖活动提供了思想基础。
面对暴力恐怖犯罪活动,很难设想一种简单的可以彻底解决问起的方法。要想从根本上遏制恐怖犯罪活动,应将有效的预防和严厉的打击结合起来,主要着眼于剥夺恐怖犯罪活动生存发展的条件及铲除其活动的社会基础方面。首先应坚持预防为主的观念,通过各种宣传教育和深入的理论研究,澄清人们观念中模糊错误的认识,加强社会公众对暴力恐怖犯罪的认识,增强防范意识,提高同恐怖犯罪作斗争的信心和勇气。应该大力发展新疆经济,努力提高各族人民的物质文化水平。应该加强各种管理工作,堵住“漏洞”,应该通过外交方式争取周边国家地区对我打击恐怖犯罪的合作与支持,防止新疆问题“国际化”。其次,不能放松对恐怖犯罪活动的严厉打击,继续坚持“主动出击、露头就打、先发制敌”的方针,从打击机制的建立和完善方面,干警的素质提高方面多加努力,以提高打击能力,同时应特别重视法律在打击恐怖犯罪活动方面的作用。  
英文文摘  The terrorist crimes in XinJiang have the following features the pronounced political color taking the religious propaganda as the camouflage, internationally, the extreme of criminal styles, the complexity of criminal elements and the special social preciousness. The nuts remarked one of them is that the terrorist crimes have pronounced political color that is, the criminal violence has a definite political aim-to separate the united country and the soldiery nationalities, and to dream to realize so called "the independence of Xinjiang"
Xinjiang has unique geographical position and minority nationalities, especially, the believers in Islam Prevail in whole popularity As a result, the violate criminals usually commit their evil activities under the cloak of religion, to deceive those mass who have simple national emotion and religious belief to get their trust and support, or to confuse and mislead them.
The terrorist criminal have definite political conspire, so they take acts usually in oil possible and extreme means, In order to obtain support from overseas and internationalize the so called "Xinjiang Problem" the internal or external separatists intensify their connection, spiritually and materially. The composition of terrorist criminals are more compile gradually The criminal elements tend to younger and younger The criminal violence endanger testability and development of XinJiang The seriousness of this danger lies not merely on concerts losses of persons and properties but also on that it can make a kind of dislike even bestial air among the people of all nationalities This Kind of mood could lead to notional discrimination, hostility and contradiction People usually endure fairly pressure mentally, esp, on some special days or in some spied occasions.
Therefore, making on analysis about the causes of the terrorist crimes in Xinjiang''s helpful to us to adopt correct contra moves Internally, the main cease is that some people have conceptional deviation in a certain degree, and there are conceptional deviation in a certain degree, and there are some foulest in our education. The former mainly refers to the misunderstanding on our country''s ethnic and religious policies The latter refers to our efforts in citizen education of policies law and patriotism were not thorough, and have been not get obvious affection Moreover, the objective underdevelopment and the relative closure of Xinjiang is also another important cause If Xinjiang'' economy was very prosperous and people''s Living standard was higher then our neighboring countries, those separatists would lack of excuses by which they make up and commit crimes Internationally some hostile powers or countries provide the separatists support is also an important element At the same time, the unchecked spread of Panbslamism and Pan-Turkism also provides them theoretical basis.
Confronting these violent, terrorist and criminal activities, it is impossible to believe that there is a simple method which can solve these problems thoroughly In order to contain the terrorist crimes completely, we should connect effective precaution with sever blow and mainly pay attention to deprive the separatists of the condition under which they commit crimes and eradicate their activities in social basis
First, we should stick to the principle of "mainly on precaution" we should clear up the misunderstanding in mind of the mass, by various propaganda or education and profound theoretical research. We should enhance the ability of people with which they can see into the violent terrorist crimes. We should hightail the precaution consciousness, confidence and courage of people to fight with terrorist criminal. We should develop the economy of Xinjiang and improve the Living standard of people spiritually and materially. We should build up all kinds of administrative work, to Play "loopholes," and win over the cooperation and support from neighboring countries and areas.
Secondly, we can not loosen the sever blow to the terrorist activities, we should adhere finally to the orientation of "Attack imitatively, Blow on time and Forestall the enemy. "We should make more affords on establishing and protecting he segstem of blow, and on improving the quality of police At the same time, we should attach significance to the function of law in blowing the terrorist crimes quality of police. At the same time, we should attach significance to the function of law in blowing the terrorist crimes.

关键词  新疆,恐怖犯罪,研究,自由词  
分类标识  D924  
论文注解日期  19990415  
总页数  32P