题　名  保险合同成立制度探讨  
作　者  杨华  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  民法学  
指导教师  徐卫东  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990416  
中文文摘  保险合同成立是保险法领域中的一个重要组成部分,是确定保险合同生效、履行保险合同权利义务的必要前提和基础。本文拟从理论、技术和意义等不同层面对保险合同成立予以系统探讨,以期建构保险合同成立制度的完整框架。
论文共分三部分:
第一部分,保险合同成立之理论分析。保险合同成立在理论上遵循现代同意主义原则,即保险合同一经双方当事人达成合意就成立,特定的形式要求仅仅是例外。原则上的非要式性,辅之以要式合同的补充,是现代同意主义原则在保险合同成立问题上的集中体现。而《保险法》第12条则以立法的形式再现了上述理论的内涵。保险合同成立须经过一系列的动态过程,在这一过程中,对双方当事人的利益予以衡量是不可避免的。鉴于本世纪以来,消费者运动蓬勃兴起,取得的可喜成就,加之保险合同是附合合同、消费者合同,保险合同成立的确认,应以投保人利益至上为主要价值取向。投保人至上原则在保险合同成立的操作过程中体现为承认即刻保险、规定冷静期及保险人有义务向投保人提供必要的消费信息等相关要求上。
第二部分,保险合同成立之技术分析。保险合同一经双方当事人意思表示达成一致即成立,保险合同既非要式合同,非要物合同,也就是说,保险合同只有一般成立同,也非要物合同。也就是说,保险合同只有一般成立要件,而无特殊成立要件。投保人与保险人的意思表示达成合致,必须经过要约一承诺或要约一反要约一承诺这一传统的合同成立步骤。由于保险合同的专业性、技术性、附合性及消费性,使得要约与承诺在保险合同成立过程中具有不同于一般合同彻的独特之处。例如:要约的效力、承诺的方式等。这些独特之处皆是贯彻投保人至上原则的结果。同样,由于贯彻投保人至上原则,保险合同成立时间的认定,根据承诺方式的不同而体现为多样化,目的在于合理合法地提前保险合同的成立时间,以维护投保人或被保险人的利益。
第三部分,保险合同成立制度之意义。探讨保险合同成立制度,不仅有理论意义,而且还有实践价值,首先,理论上可以界清保险合同成立与生效的逻辑顺序。保险合同成立是保险合同生效的逻辑前提,保险合同生效则是保险合同成立的最佳归宿。保险合同成立与生效是两个不同的概念,是保险合同订立过程中的两个不同环节。保险合同成立与生效的区别有：成立要件与生效要件不同、成立时间与生效时间不尽相同、当事人的权利义务不相同。在理论上界清保险合同的成立与生效,可以完善保险合同的权利义务体系,便于实务操作,有利于维护交易安全和公平正义。其次,于实践中指导司法审判。保险合同是一个实践性很强的课题,围绕该课题的实务纠纷并非少见。诸如混淆保险合同成立与生效、将保险合同的认定过多地维系在保险合同的外部形式上,忽略双方当事人合意的真正达成等。经过前文阐述,笔者认为,认定保险合同的成立,必须探究双方当事人合意的真正达成,过分拘泥于外部形式不利于投保人利益的保护。鉴于保险合同在实务中的问题既多又复杂,本文区别对待人身保险合同与财产保险合同,从合同成立的认定,与合同成立有关的合同效力的认定两个不同方面,归纳实践中的常见问题,并进行对策性的阐述,以期指导实践。

英文文摘  Formation of the insurance contract is one of the most important parts in insurance law, and is premise and foundation in determining the effect or performance of the insurance contract. This thesis is made systematically an inquiry into formation of the insurance contract from different angles, such as theory technicality and meaning.
This thesis is divided into three parts:
First, academic analysis on formation of the insurance contract. In theory, formation of the insurance contract follows consent principle, that is, the insurance contract will he established when the insured and the insurer come into consent, asking for formalities is just exception. The insurance contract is solemnity contract in principle. This is embodying in section 12 of the Insurance Act. In the courses of formation of the insurance contract, measure of benefit must be done between the insurer and the insured. Because the insurance contract is the adhesion contract and consumer, considering of the insured benefit in advance is another important principle in determining formation of the insurance contract.
Secondly technical analysis about formation of the insurance contract. The insurance contract will be established when two parties come into consent, the insurance contract is not a solemnity contract, nor is a practice contract. There must be have offer and acceptance or offer and counter-offer and acceptance in coming into consent between the insurer and the insured. General requirements of law of contract are applied, hut there is also some particular context of the insurance contract, such as, effect of an offer or formalities of an acceptance. All that is the result of carrying out the principle of benefiting for the insured.
Thirdly, meaning of formation of the insurance contract, researching for formation of the insurance contract, not only has academic value, but also has practice meaning. On one hand, the logical order about formation and effect of the insurance contract can be made clear in theory; system about right and obligation will be perfected. On the other hand, judicial will be guided.

关键词  同意主义,不要式性,投保人至上,自由词  
分类标识  D922  
论文注解日期  19981215  
总页数  71P