题　名  驰名商标若干法律问题研究  
作　者  李红  
作者单位  吉林大学,法学院,长春市 130012  
专　业  经济法学  
指导教师  马新彦  
学位级别  303  
馆藏索取号  3990375  
中文文摘  改革开放后的中国,加快了商标法律制度的建设步伐。1982年以来,我国相继以各种立法形式制定并颁布实施了《商标法》、《商标法实施细则》、《驰名商标认定和管理暂行规定》等法律法规及规章。此外,我国还加入了《保护工业产权巴黎公约》等一系列国际公约。到1997年底,我国有效注册商标达86万余件,到1999年1月,我国商标局已经认定了87个驰名商标。
但是在商标法律制度建设过程中,特别是在驰名商标的理论和实务方面,仍然存在着许多问题,尤其是假冒驰名商标等侵权情况不断发生。而我国对驰名商标的保护现状,无论是制度上还是法律措施上都存在局限性,无法适应我国改革开放和现代化建设的需要。21世纪将是知识经济的时代,市场竞争的突出表现之一就是知识产权的竞争,商标权特别是驰名商标权作为知识产权的一部分,也当在其中。驰名商标具有知名度高、声誉好、竞争力强等特点,一个誉满全球的驰名商标的价值及其所带来的经济效益是不可估量的。因此,驰名商标越来越受到各国普遍的关注,有关知识产权的国际公约和许多国家都确立了驰名商标的法律保护制度。我国要力争在世界经济舞台上占据有利地位,则必须加强对驰名商标法律制度的研究和建设。这也是笔者选题和撰写本文的初衷,以期以自己的努力作一点微薄贡献。
本文拟从揭示驰名商标的定义及认定等基本问题入手,在评析借鉴国际公约、条约和外国立法例有关驰名商标保护制度的基础上,着重探讨健全我国驰名商标特殊保护的法律对策,进而提出完善和发展我国驰名商标法律制度的构想。全文从五个方面对这些问题进行了阐述和论证。
第一部分论述了驰名商标的一般理论问题,包括驰名商标的定义、分类等问题。笔者认为,鉴于我国目前存在相当数量的未注册驰名商标,并且它们同样是我国的宝贵财富,所以,在定义驰名商标时必须涵盖未注册驰名商标。
第二部分论述了驰名商标的认定问题,包括驰名商标的认定标准、认定程序、认定方式等一系列问题。关于驰名商标的认定标准问题,理论界认识不一。笔者认为除了吸收和借鉴西方国家在实际中已经通用的标准外,还应当将驰名商标所标示的商品或服务的售后服务、广告效应和符合社会公共利益等参考性条件也作为认定标准的重要内容。关于驰名商标的认定程序,基于我国的实际国情,笔者认为应当采用以“事前认定”为主,以“事后认定”为辅的程序。关于驰名商标的认定方式,笔者认为我国不能照搬有的国家完全由法院判决对驰名商标予以认定方式,也不能再搞曾经使用过的社会调查式的群众评选。它们都各有利弊。笔者认为,根据我国的实际情况,应当采用先由消费者评选出候选商标,再由驰名商标主管机构予以认定的方式。
第三部分阐述了驰名商标特殊保护的意义、保护原则和保护内容。关于驰名商标的保护原则,笔者认为我国现在采取的相对保护主义原则,不适应目前假冒伪劣泛滥、保护难度大的严峻形势,应当采取绝对保护主义原则。关于驰名商标特殊保护的内容,主要评介了国际公约、条约及各国有关注册驰名商标和未注册驰名商标的特殊保护措施及可借鉴之处,同时也分析了我国对驰名商标特殊保护的现状。
第四部分论述了健全我国驰名商标特殊保护的法律对策取向。笔者认为,在充分吸收和借鉴国际公约、条约及各国有关驰名商标的特殊保护措施基础上,根据我国的法律保护现状和驰名商标受侵害的现实情形,我国驰名商标特殊保护的法律对策取向应该是:禁止抢注未注册驰名商标；禁止对驰名商标淡化；禁止将他人驰名商标作为商号注册；禁止将他人驰名商标作为域名进行注册；禁止对驰名商标“反向假冒”；严格限制驰名商标的使用许可与转让；强化驰名商标侵权的法律责任等。使我国对驰名商标的保护与国际保护水平接轨。
第五部分阐述了完善我国驰名商标制度的立法构想。在评析我国保护驰名商标法律制度的基础上,笔者认为保护驰名商标应建立综合法律保障机制,主要应从两个方面进一步完善我国驰名商标制度的立法:一是在国家工商局颁布的《驰名商标暂行规定》基础上,尽快由国务院制定出台《驰名商标保护条例》,并结合我国驰名商标特殊保护的法律对策取向,阐述了构建《驰名商标保护条例》基本框架的设想。二是健全完善与驰名商标保护有关的其他法律、法规。主要是对现行《商标法》作修改,增加保护驰名商标的专门条款；修改《反不正当竞争法》,将抢注未注册驰名商标行为定性为不正当竞争行为；在《企业名称登记管理规定》中,增加“企业不得使用他人驰名商标作为企业商号”的禁止性规定,并根据现有条件逐步实行登记主管机关在企业名称登记前的全国性的名称联网查询登记制度；在《刑法》中增加侵犯驰名商标罪及处罚的规已。

英文文摘  In the first part, the general theories are discussed in respect of well-known trademarks, which include its definition and classifications, etc. Considering that in China exist quite a number of unregistered well-known trademarks at present, which are also the precious wealth, the author contains them when defining well-known trademarks.
In the second part, the validation of well-known trademarks is discussed. It includes a series of points such as the criterion, the procedure, and the way for the validation of well-known trademarks. Theoretical circles have no common idea of the criterion of validation about well-known trademarks. As the author sees, in one hand, actually current criterion taken from western countries is absorbed and used; in the other hand, we should regard the following as the important contents of the criterion of validation: after-sale service of a commodity labeled by a well-known trademark or its service, the influence of advertisement and factors as reference in the interests of the public in a society. As for the procedure of validation of well-known trademarks, the author suggests that it be adopted that " prior validation " is as the major procedure, meanwhile assisted by "post validation" on the basis of our actual national conditions. From the author''s point of view, the way of validation of well-known trademarks could neither be copied from some other countries where it completely depends on the court decision, nor be chosen through public appraisal in a social survey way ,which has been used before. Both of them have advantages and disadvantages. Actual conditions allow us to take the way that consumers choose the candidate trademarks and then it will be validated by the competent authorities in charge of well-known trademarks.
In the third part, the author discusses the significance of providing protections to the well-known trademarks, the principle and content of protection. As far as the principle of protection is concerned, the author does not consider the operating relative protectionism suits the present harsh situation with rampant palming off and fake and faulty products, and protection in large degree of difficulty instead, absolute protectionism should be put into practice. As to the contents of protection to the well-known trademarks, the author reviewed the international treaties and other countries'' good ways and special protecting measures to the registered and unregistered well-known trademarks. At the same time, the current special protection to the Chinese well-known trademarks is analyzed in this section.
The fourth part elaborates the orientation of countermeasures to improve our special protection to the well-known trademarks. According to the author, on the basis of fully absorbing and drawing lessons from international treaties and relevant special protecting measures of other countries and basing on the current situation of our protection by law and the serious infringement of well-known trademarks, the following orientations of legal countermeasures should be taken to provide the well-known trademarks with special protection: prohibit from rushing to register those unregistered well-known trademarks; prohibit the dilution of well-known trademarks; prohibit from taking other well-known trademarks as trade name or domain name to register; forbid reverse-counterfeiting the well-known trademarks; strictly restrict the using permission and transferring of well-known trademarks; strengthen the legal responsibility of the infringement of well-known trademarks, and etc. Thus, our protecting well-known trademarks will try to approach the international protection level.
In the fifth part, legislative conception about perfecting the Chinese system for well-known trademarks is expounded. On evaluating and analyzing the protection to the legal system of well-known trademarks, the author suggests that comprehensive insurance system of law should be established for protecting well-known trademarks. Perfecting the legislation of Chinese well-known trademarks should go on from two sides: 1. On the basis of "Provisional Regulation of Well-known Trademarks" promulgated by State Administration for Industry and Commerce, "Provisions for Protecting Well-known Trademarks" should be formulated and published by the State Council as soon as possible. And the idea is expressed that the fundamental framework for this provision should be established combining with the orientation of legal countermeasures to particularly protect well-known trademarks in China; 2. Perfecting other laws and regulations concerning the protection of well-known trademarks,

关键词  驰名商标,认定,保护,自由词  
分类标识  D922  
论文注解日期  19990415  
总页数  62P