学位论文题名 修改完善国家赔偿法的几点思考
论文作者    苏戈
作者单位    吉林大学
专    业    法学理论
指导教师    郑成良
并列题名    Research on the revision and perfectin of the state''s restitution law of China
学位级别   303
中文文摘
    国家赔偿责任作为特殊的侵权赔偿责任，是伴随着人类文明的发展和进步而逐渐产生的。1994年5月12日，全国人大常委会通过了我国历史上第一部由国家承担赔偿责任的法律。这部法律的颁布实施对切实保障公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益，对促进和监督国家机关依法行使职权、严肃执法，缓解社会矛盾，维护社会稳定，对保证社会生产力持续、快速、稳定、健康发展，对实现依法治国方略，对建设社会主义法治国家等都将起到重要作用。从某种意义上来说，国家赔偿法是我国社会主义民主与法制建设的里程碑，是先进法制文化的重要组成部分。国家赔偿法颁布实施距今已有七个年头。七年来的贯彻实施，在保障人权以及促进国家机关依法行政、司法方面都作出了贡献。但在肯定这部法律的同时，我们也应当客观而清醒地看到，由于这部法律在立法上存在的一些瑕疵，以及由于社会各个层面对于这部法律的重要意义缺乏足够的认识等因素，导致了这部法律在七年的实施过程中有许多不尽如人意之处。本文结合作者的工作体会，从国家赔偿法的总则、赔偿范围、刑事赔偿程序以及赔偿标准及数额四个方面，详细阐述了国家赔偿法在立法上存在的一些瑕疵以及在贯彻实施过程中遇到的主要问题。首先，从国家赔偿法的总则来看，国家赔偿法规定的违法归责原则无法涵盖整部法律，由此引发了在司法适用上的不统一，突出体现为在刑事赔偿范围方面的认识不一；其次，从国家赔偿法的赔偿范围来看，我国的国家赔偿法未将立法赔偿、军事赔偿纳入赔偿范围，且在行政赔偿、刑事赔偿范围上也规定过窄，随着社会的不断发展，已经逐渐体现出了这部法律与社会生产力发展的不相适应；第三，国家赔偿法在规定行政赔偿与刑事赔偿时出现了一部赔偿法设定两种赔偿程序的局面，实践证明，国家赔偿法关于刑事赔偿程序的规定没有完全体现出程序的公正，由此产生了很多问题，突出体现为确认问题和赔偿委员会决定程序问题，这些问题无形中成为国家赔偿法贯彻实施的最大障碍；第四，国家赔偿法确定的赔偿标准过低，数额较少，不利于切实保障公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益。正是基于上述一些问题及立法瑕疵，使得这部法律在贯彻实施过程中并没有达到或者完全达到立法者的预期目的，也使得这部法律并没有象立法者设想的那样获得最广大人民群众的普遍拥护。只有正视问题和矛盾，并设法科学、合理地加以解决，才能体现这部法律保障公民、法人和其他组织合法权益的立法初衷。本文作者结合自己的工作实践和体会，从国家赔偿法的总则、赔偿范围、刑事赔偿程序、赔偿标准及数额以及赔偿经费列支等五个方面简述了作者对于修改和完善国家赔偿法的几点思考。期望通过本文抛砖引玉，能够真正引发人们对于如何修改和完善国家赔偿法的一些思考，使得这部法律能尽快被加以修改和完善，成为一部切实保障公民、法人和其他组织合法权益的，受到最广大人民群众普遍拥护的法律。这样的结果不仅是作者之期望，也是社会之期望、人民之期望、法制建设之期望。
英文文摘 As a special liability to pay compensation on tort, the State''s liability to pay compensation came into being with the development of the society. On May 12th, 1994, the State''s Restitution Law of the People''s Republic of China was passed by the Standing Committee of the National people''s Congress. This is the first law to stipulate the State''s liability on compensation in our history. It will have great effect on so many aspects, such as, protecting the legal rights of the person, the corporation and other legal entities, supervising the government to act according to the law, mediating the social contradictions, keeping the social stability, smoothing the development of the society, realizing the Rule of Law in our country, etc. In a sense, the State''s Restitution Law is a critical point in our way to realize the social democracy and rule of law. It''s a part of our advanced legal culture. It has been 7 years since the Law was passed. In these 7 years, it did contribute to protecting the human rights, supervising the government agencies to act by law and so on. However, we have to pay attention to the shortcomings, which was formed by the defects on legislation and the notion of the people. Here, in this Paper, I will point out and explain in details the defects of the legislation and the main problems in the process on enacting of the State''s Restitution Law, which come from my experience. Basically, I will analysis from 4 aspects: the general principles of the Law, the extent of compensation, the procedures of criminal restitution, the criteria and amount of compensation. Firstly, from the general principles of the Law, the principals on how to impute the liability can''t adjust to the whole law, which caused the contradictions on execution of the law, especially on the extent of criminal compensation. Secondly, from the extent of compensation, the Law didn''t contain legislative compensation and martial compensation and the provisions on administrative compensation and criminal compensation were too narrow. With the development of the society, it has showed the unajustment to the reality. Thirdly, the Law showed two different procedures between the administrative compensation and criminal compensation. The procedures on criminal compensation were unfair, which have been tested by experiences. It caused a lot of problems, especially on conformation and the procedure on determination of the Committee of Restitution, which will block the enactment of the Law. Fourthly, from the criteria and amount of compensation, the criteria provided by the Law are too low and the amounts are too small. Those are not benefit to protect the legal rights of the individuals and legal entities. Based on these problems, the Law didn''t achieve the goals of the Legislation and the Law didn''t get the consent of the people. Only to realize these problems and shortcomings seriously and try the best to solve them reasonably, can it realize the goal of the Legislation to protect the legal rights efficiently. In this Paper, I will show my opinions from 5 aspects to perfect the State''s Restitution Law, which are, the general principles of the Law, the extent of compensation, the procedures of criminal restitution, the criteria and amount of compensation, and the disbursement of the compensation funds. I hope it will be benefit to the revision and perfection of the State''s Restitution Law. That will be fine.
索书号 3020201
主题词 国家赔偿法修改完善
分类号 DF31
论文答辩日期 2002052220020428
论文页码总数 59P
论文页码总数 ref22
文献语种 zh
记录来源 吉林大学
记录流水号 DA200212001817

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